Google Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google - Essay Example Ideas such as Google books and Adsense had humble beginnings turning into the most amazing inventions ever (Bry, 2011). Third, the company believes in continuous innovation rather than immediate perfection. The company has been observed to test their models often until they reach perfection. Fourth, Google looks for innovative ideas all over. The ideas come from users, advertisers, partners and employees. This explains why the company’s comes up with exciting ideas aimed at improving our daily lives. Fifth, there is effective communication and sharing of knowledge at Google. All employees are fully aware of the decisions that are made. Through discussion, there is exchange of ideas which results to innovative outcomes. For instance, Google talk as invented from a conversation between two employees. Sixth, the company takes that have turned to be million dollar ventures (Shaughnessy, 2013). Additionally, the company has a diverse work force that has contributed immensely to its innovative capabilities. Seventh, the company acts as a platform for creativity thus enabling innovation from all over the world. Lastly, the company supports all innovation by providing the relevant insight, data and resource to ensure success. Shaughnessy, H. (2013, July 3). Who Has The Winning Innovation Model, Google, Apple, or Samsung? Retrieved from

The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Essay Example for Free

The Discovery of the Rosetta Stone Essay The Discovery of The Rosetta Stone One of the most important by-products of the French invasion of Egypt was the knowledge gathered by the scientists and historians who journeyed along with the army. But, of all the discoveries made, the most important was the Rosetta Stone, the key that unlocked the ancient marvels of Egypt. Do any of you know what the Rosetta Stone is? The Rosetta stone is a very important artifact that was discovered during the French invasion of Egypt in the year 1799. You may ask why this is important. Well because of the Rosetta Stone, the historians and scientists now understand ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. Previous to the discovery, Egyptian writing had been indecipherable. It was August 20th 1799 when the slab of dark stone was uncovered where the soldiers had knocked down a wall of Fort St. Julien. They sent it back to France to be studied. When the French surrendered Egypt to Britain in 1801, the conquerors also decided that the stone be surrendered, also. It was taken the British Museum. It wasn’t until more than 20 years later did someone start to decipher the writing. A British Scientist, Thomas Young and a French scholar Jean Champollion both contributed to the translation we have today. Then, it took another 20 years to interpret the whole slab. The text on the stone is a decree from Ptolemy V, describing the repeal of various taxes and instructions to raise the statues in temples. The Rosetta Stone is 45 inches high at its highest point, 28. inches wide and 11 inches thick. It weighs nearly 2,000 pounds and is currently described as a ganodiorite of a dark grey-pinkish color. Despite vigorous campaigns to return the Rosetta Stone to Egypt, it remains in the British Museum, as it has almost continuously since 1802. So thanks to Napoleon, and the scientists and historians that traveled with him to war, along with the translators of the stone, we now know much more about the ancient Egyptians, and their peculiar style of writ ing.

The Day the Noise Stopped :: essays research papers

A woman is sitting in her old, shuttered house. She knows she’s alone in the world because every other living thing is dead. The doorbell rings. She answers the door to find nothing but the wind. She looks to the left, then to the right and back to the left. She has a puzzled look on her face. â€Å"What in the world is going on†, she thinks to herself. Janet runs to the living room, picks up the phone and calls her sister. No answer. â€Å"A fluke†, she thinks to herself. She dials her best friend, again, no answer. She is starting to panic at this point. Janet calls everyone in her address book, including her brother in China. She gets no answer from anyone. Janet walks outside and finds nothing but dirt, empty cars and houses. She sees bicycles left lying in the street, as if the children were snatched off them while riding away from something. Janet walks down what used to be a beautiful street, lined with oak and willow trees. What she finds now is a desolate world in which she seems to be alone. Janet continues to walk, not realizing that hours have passed. Hours without any trace of life, not even a blade of grass. She is trying to sort things out in her mind as to how this could be. Alas, she comes up with the answer, or so she thinks. She is talking aloud as she walks because she knows she will go crazy if she doesn’t hear something. â€Å"While I was sleeping, I did hear a loud screeching noise. I thought it was just a dream. I did hear a lot of screaming, and what sounded like pandemonium in the front of the house. I think we were under attack. Yes, that must be it. They have dropped nuclear bombs on us and wiped out all of God’s creations. But, can it be? Who would do this? Why am I still here? Why didn’t I die too?† Janet remembers when she was a young girl and her father told her of a story about their old, run down, house with magic shutters. He said that his father had met an Indian Medicine Man during his travels. Her grandfather helped the Medicine Man’s son. He performed an emergency surgery on him that enabled him to live a long, prosperous life. The Medicine Man didn’t have anything to offer in return.

Kodak and Digital Revolution Essay

In 1976 Kodak controlled 90% of the film market and 85% of camera sales in the United States. By 1992 the share of film market decreased by 5%. In 1991 they launched the first professional digital camera. In 1998 they spent $1. 2 billion to two joint ventures with the Chinese government and by 1999 became number two in digital cameras in the United States with a 27% market share. In 2001it launched â€Å"Where it all clicks† theme to stimulate digital imaging and in 2002 launched the first mass-market product for digital film processing. By 2003 they controlled most photofinishing transaction in the United States with 15% unprofitable digital camera market. Digital imaging was a disruptive technology that was emerging in early 80’s and Kodak got blind sighted by its extreme focus on existing customers and their needs. They followed a customer focus strategy instead of taking digital imaging as a disruptive innovation. Their focus was to provide products that its existing clients want in a cost effective manner. Kodak’s strategy for digital imaging has been way off and its first digital product, the â€Å"Photo CD† which was a failure. It couldn’t leverage upon world’s first electronic image sensor that they launched earlier that was widely used by computer industry worldwide. They used all strategies to the disposal but its timing was way off. They used Radical to incremental innovation an example is their digital photography compared to Sony’s Then their strategy shifted from convergence of digital and film based imaging to selling hardware such as digital cameras and printers by alliancing with computer and electronic industry. This strategy also failed as competition was too fierce by 1995 and profit margins shrunk. Then strategy was changed to picture business and network consumables with at least 50% market share. These strategies were based to the changing market needs and competition especially from Fuji films Kodak is a showcase for failing to innovate; they missed the digital revolution because they were focused on protecting its core business, traditional photographic film. The reality is different, though. Kodak was in fact one of the first companies to have worked on digital imaging it’s not that they were ignoring the digital revolution! Today, Kodak is still leading digital imaging, as the company holds many patents in this field that are used in products such as HP printers. The painful Kodak factory closures that one can see nowadays are nothing but the price to pay to transition from one era to the other, from the era when Kodak was a chemist to an era when it is a software company. For all its mistakes, Kodak is doing what few companies have been able to do. Lessons Learned No doubt, Kodak was victim of the innovator’s dilemma. The most immediate takeaway from the fall of Kodak is clear: Don’t be afraid to cannibalize your own business in the name of progress. But Kodak’s inability to make any of its products stand out over the last decade is demonstrative of an overall reluctance to innovate.

Internal and External Equity Comparisons Essay

Organizations that has the drive to flourish in a market that is very competitive must have a compensation plan that is well designed and inspires its employees, has benefit programs, guarantees equity, and handles compensation costs. These plans should mirror the culture of its employees. Organizations have numerous of options when designing a compensation plan comes into play, and must consider how the options they have chosen will be suitable for their strategy for engaging and keeping their employees. This paper will identify a total compensation plan for an organization, identify the internal and external equity advantages and disadvantages, and provide and explanation on how each plan supports the total compensation objective and the relationship to its financial situation. Total Compensation Plan Focused in Internal and External Equity Some organizations decisions are based off of the market. They begin by looking at salary surveys to observe what the other competitors are pay ing their employees (known as external equity). Soon as they have access to the market data that is needed, the organization have their option to either establish their salaries and wages equal, below or above the market depending on the financial situation of that organization. For instance, an organization may decide to raise the pay for certain employees pertaining to certain positions in order interest and then keep very valuable employees. Let’s say General Motors (GM) has just opened up a new plant in a city where Ford is well known. They are short on senior creative program designer positions who’s salary ranges from 99,000-125,000 a year. What GM would do is access the salary surveys that are on the market to see how much Ford is actually paying them. From there GM would make the decision to either set the wage for that positon the same, lower, or higher than what Ford is offering. If that position is needed and they want the best employee then the wages would be set higher, maybe starting off at 105,000 a ye ar with the opportunity to advance to making 130,000 max. This would not only gain the attention of the best program designer but also may retrieve the best from Ford. Conversely GM should also deliberate on internal equity, which is whether their compensation plan imitates how much they value certain positions in relation to other positions throughout the organization. In order to guarantee both internal and external equity, GM would have to institute an operative compensation  management program that conducts job analysis (to systematically evaluate and describe each job within the organization), job evaluations (regulating what jobs have a better value to GM), and job pricing (form rate ranges, the minimum, midpoint, and maximum dollar values for each job). Bottom line is that some organizations compensation plans are meant to meet compliance requirements. While GM would be to attract skilled employees, motivate them, and retain them so that the goals of the organization could be achieved. Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal and External Equity Internal equity deals with the perceived worth of a job relative to other jobs in the organization (â€Å"Cite Hr†, 2014). Generally, they consider skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions in this comparison in order to determine the value of their jobs relative to other jobs (â€Å"Cite Hr†, 2014). This structure is made to show employees that they are being treated fairly based on their place or job within the organization. External equity deals with the issues of market rates for jobs (â€Å"Cite Hr†, 2014). This is where an organization looks within the market to see what’s the going pay rate for certain jobs, then they would determine how they are going to pay within their organization so they could seek and retain qualified employees. This system will require a base pay program the pays competitively. There are a few advantages and disadvantages of internal and external equity. The advantages of external equity is that it allows organizations to keep up with the competition within the marketplace (on salary and wages), it allows organizations to raise an employee pay (if they ask for one basically negotiating), the last benefit is that it forces organizations to always be on top of the market. The advantages of internal equity are that it gives the employees the perception of fairness, it decreases the opportunity for discrimination to arise, and it provides consistent standards because when one is paying an employee fairly an organization limits their ability to claim unfair treatment therefor have a lack of motivation and bad performance. The disadvantages of external is that it could lead to overestimated wages, and employee dissatisfaction. This disadvantages of internal equity is that an organization could risk the loss of employees to higher paying competition, and could lose the employees motivation once they realize they are being paid in the internal equity system. Explanation on how each Plan Supports the Organization’s Compensation Objective GM’s much  improved financial structure and our $23.2 billion in EBIT-adjusted since the beginning of 2010 are allowing us to reinvest in the business at a consistently high level, despite the fact that most European economies are in distress and U.S. sales remained below pre-recession levels in 2012.US automaker General Motors gave one of its highest profit-sharing payouts ever (â€Å"Gm†, 2014). Forty-five thousand employees received $189 million in a profit-sharing bonus, which equaled about $4,200 per person (â€Å"Gm†, 2014).. The external plan works great for this because it allows for employees to make even more money when the production of the company rises. The internal plan also works great because it shows that everyone is being paid fairly but at the same time have that option of buying into stock to make more money. In conclusion having a compensation plan can be beneficial for both an employee and organization. Once an organization choose which direction they are wanting to take whether it’s an internal or external approach is on them. An internal approach is more of a peaceful one for the employees, it shows that they are being paid fairly. While the external approach reaches of for the best employees by having the opportunity to pay them more. Either way an organization will have to pick the type of plan that fits them within the market. References Cite HR. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.citehr.com/601-compensation-plans-overview-base-pay.html GM. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.gm.com/content/dam/gmcom/COMPANY/Investors/Stockholder_Information/PDFs/2012_GM_Annual_Report.pdf

Worksheet for Chebyshevs Inequality

Worksheet for Chebyshev's Inequality Chebyshev’s inequality says that at least 1 -1/K2 of data from a sample must fall within K standard deviations from the mean, where ​​K is any positive real number greater than one. This means that we don’t need to know the shape of the distribution of our data. With only the mean and standard deviation, we can determine the amount of data a certain number of standard deviations from the mean. The following are some problems to practice using the inequality. Example #1 A class of second graders has a mean height of five feet with a standard deviation of one inch. At least what percent of the class must be between 4’10† and 5’2†?​​ Solution The heights that are given in the range above are within two standard deviations from the mean height of five feet. Chebyshev’s inequality says that at least 1 – 1/22 3/4 75% of the class is in the given height range. Example #2 Computers from a particular company are found to last on average for three years without any hardware malfunction, with a standard deviation of two months. At least what percent of the computers last between 31 months and 41 months? Solution The mean lifetime of three years corresponds to 36 months. The times of 31 months to 41 months are each 5/2 2.5 standard deviations from the mean. By Chebyshev’s inequality, at least 1 – 1/(2.5)62 84% of the computers last from 31 months to 41 months. Example #3 Bacteria in a culture live for an average time of three hours with a standard deviation of 10 minutes. At least what fraction of the bacteria live between two and four hours? Solution Two and four hours are each one hour away from the mean. One hour corresponds to six standard deviations. So at least 1 – 1/62 35/36 97% of the bacteria live between two and four hours. Example #4 What is the smallest number of standard deviations from the mean that we must go if we want to ensure that we have at least 50% of the data of a distribution? Solution Here we use Chebyshev’s inequality and work backward. We want 50% 0.50 1/2 1 – 1/K2. The goal is to use algebra to solve for K. We see that 1/2 1/K2. Cross multiply and see that 2 K2. We take the square root of both sides, and since K is a number of standard deviations, we ignore the negative solution to the equation. This shows that K is equal to the square root of two. So at least 50% of the data is within approximately 1.4 standard deviations from the mean. Example #5 Bus route #25 takes a mean time of 50 minutes with a standard deviation of 2 minutes. A promotional poster for this bus system states that â€Å"95% of the time bus route #25 lasts from ____ to _____ minutes.† What numbers would you fill in the blanks with? Solution This question is similar to the last one in that we need to solve for K, the number of standard deviations from the mean. Start by setting 95% 0.95 1 – 1/K2. This shows that 1 - 0.95 1/K2. Simplify to see that 1/0.05 20 K2. So K 4.47. Now express this in the terms above. At least 95% of all rides are 4.47 standard deviations from the mean time of 50 minutes. Multiply 4.47 by the standard deviation of 2 to end up with nine minutes. So 95% of the time, bus route #25 takes between 41 and 59 minutes.

Study of Automotive Industry †Economics Research Paper(300 Level Course)

Study of Automotive Industry – Economics Research Paper(300 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Study of Automotive Industry Economics Research Paper(300 Level Course) The automotive industry is one of the key industries in the United States and is a large segment of the overall U.S economy. The automotive industry has witnessed tremendous transnational growth during the last decade because of changes in consumer preferences, political and business policies and changing economic conditions. High growth has continued into the new millennium with the second highest total sales on record being achieved in 2001 as indicated by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). The EIU estimates that by 2006 or 2007, depending on the pace of economic recovery, auto sales will reach 20 million. Based on the nature of economics it is probable that the automotive industry will benefit from government initiatives such as the comprehensive energy policy, tax relief plans, and reduction in tax rates in the upcoming years. Just in terms of numbers of establishments, there are over 122,692 motor vehicle parts and dealers according to the 2002 Economic Census report. This number is up from the 122,633 reported in the 1997 Economic Census report. The sales tallies are $814 billion according to the 2002 Economic Census report, which is up from $645 billion reported in the 2001 Economic Census report. The 1997 Economic Census report, the last with numbers for the breakdown between new and used dealers, reports that there are 25,897 new car and 23,340 used car dealers with sales of over $553 billion for new car and over $34 billion for used car dealers. Automotive industry represents over 2% of Total Industrial GDP and 12% of manufacturing GDP in 2002 total GDP impact was $19.1 billion. Rigler (2005) Today most automobiles are sold at traditional dealerships, but the Internet is now playing an increasingly important role in the shopping and purchasing process. Over the last 10 years, the Internet has contin ued to play an increasing role in the automotive market, and that role is only likely to grow as indicated by EIU. Almost half of the US households that purchased a new vehicle in the six months leading to March of 2000 used the Internet in the buying process. Pastore (July) While new cars are generally sold by individual dealers via the Internet, the biggest market for used cars is through the big services. According to Wards Dealer Business 2004 edition of the annual e-Dealer 100 ranking, more than 80% of buyers go to the Internet at some point during their shopping experience with the number of online sales for the top 100 new car dealers at 125,198 which are up from 61,365 in their 2001 ranking. Adding to the overall Internet automotive market, the used car services like Auto Nation, Carmax, Sonic Automotive, and others account for a significant amount of all Internet automotive sales. With regards to the sale of cars there are three main issues that need to be addressed. First, is the continuing popularity of sport utility vehicles (SUVs). SUV sales have been and will probably continue to account for a large segment of vehicle sales even if the growth has been somewhat stalled for new vehicle sales. The growing popularity of SUVs is supported by the numbers that show that in 1990 there were 929,000 of the vehicles on the countrys highways and roads and that this year the number has ballooned to 2.7 million. Schneider (April) One might think that the new growth area in the SUV market will focus on the smaller SUVs and sport wagons. These more fuel-efficient vehicles are becoming a more increasingly attractive choice for buyers. It is probable that these models are gaining in popularity because of the perceived safety concerns associated with the larger models and the more car-like ride. According to an Automotive News article Sport wagons are driving the industry in the August 16, 2004 issue, Sales of sport wagons totaled 981,646 in the first seven months of 2004, which is up 18.5 percent from the year-ago period. July sales of 159,206 were up 16.3 percent from July 2003, which reconfirms the increase in popularity of sports wagons. Second, is the desire for hybrid and electric cars. It is believed that this increase in desire has been prompted by high oil prices and a desire to be environmentally friendly. It is likely that this market will grow citing the increased prices of fuel and the heightened country awareness of our environmental concerns. While numbers for these types of vehicles are a fraction of the total number at present, hybrids in particular, are also growing in popularity. Of the just under 300,000 Civics that Honda sold last year in the United States, 25,000 were hybrids, said Chris Naughton, a Honda corporate spokesman based in New York City. For example, a June 7, 2004 article in Automotive News says that there was a waiting list of 20,000 for Toyotas Prius with an average wait time of five months. Other manufacturers are getting into this market with hybrids in the works or already for sale. Honda has a Civic hybrid, Nissan is coming out with an Altima hybrid and Mazda will have the Tribute ; 2005 looks to continue the trend with several new roll outs with Ford introduction of the Escape, GM’s introduction of the Chevrolet Silverado, and Chrysler introduction a few Ram pickups. higgs (Apri) While production numbers for the future models are limited, the increase in demand will most likely fuel an increase in production levels. Lastly, we will address the factors that determine automotive purchasing. On top of the obvious pricing and incentive deals, many other local and national/international factors can affect retail sales of automobiles. Local automotive competition, plant closings and other substantial layoffs from local employers, and natural disasters, as well as national and international factors that range from interest rates, inflation, trade issues, oil prices to catastrophic events like 9-11, all of which can inhibit purchases. Although many of these factors are extremely hard to predict or forecast, one can be certain that each factor will help to determine the make up of the automotive industry for years to come. References higgs, L. (April 11, 2005). Home News Tribune. Retrieved August 12, 2005, from http://thnt.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?Date=20050411category=newsartno Pastore, M. (July 17, 2000). clikz. Retrieved August 11, 2005, from http://clickz.com/stats/sectors.retailing/article.php/606101 Rigler, T. (n.d.). cvma.com. Retrieved August 11, 2005, from http://cvma.ca/eng/industry/importantfacts.asp Schneider, G. (April 22, 1999). CAS online. Retrieved August 12, 2005, from http://casact.org/media/pres/suvs.htm Research Papers on Study of Automotive Industry - Economics Research Paper(300 Level Course)PETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office System

Differences Between Baleen and Toothed Whales

Differences Between Baleen and Toothed Whales Cetaceans are a group of aquatic mammals which include all the varieties of whales and dolphins. There are over 80 recognized species of cetaceans, including both freshwater and saltwater natives. These species are divided into two main groups: the baleen whales  and the toothed whales. While they are all considered whales, there are some important differences between the two types.   Baleen Whales Baleen is a substance made of keratin (the protein that makes up human fingernails). Baleen  whales have as many as 600 plates of baleen in their upper jaws.   Whales strain seawater through the baleen, and hairs on the baleen capture fish, shrimp, and plankton. The salt water then flows back out of the whales mouth. The largest baleen whales strain and eat as much as a ton of fish and plankton each day. There are 12 species of baleen whales which live all over the world. Baleen whales were (and still sometimes are) hunted for their oil and ambergris; in addition, many are injured by boats, nets, pollution, and climate change. As a result, some species of baleen whales are endangered or near extinction. Baleen whales: Are generally larger than toothed whales. The largest animal in the world, the blue whale, is a baleen whale.Feed on smaller fish and plankton with a filtering system made up of hundreds of baleen plates.Tend to be solitary, although they occasionally gather in groups to feed or to travel.Have two blowholes on top of their head, one right next to the other (toothed whales have only one).Female baleen whales are larger than males of the same species. Examples of baleen whales include the blue whale, right whale, fin whale, and humpback whale. Toothed Whales It may come as a surprise to learn that the toothed whales include all species of  dolphins  and porpoises. In fact, 32 species of dolphins and 6 species of porpoises are toothed whales. Orcas, sometimes called killer  whales, are actually the worlds largest dolphins. While whales are larger than dolphins, dolphins are large (and more talkative) than porpoises.   Some toothed whales are freshwater animals; these include six species of river dolphins. River dolphins are freshwater mammals with long snouts and small eyes, which live in rivers in Asia and South America. Like baleen whales, many species of toothed whales are endangered. Toothed whales: Are generally smaller than baleen whales, although there are some exceptions (e.g., the sperm whale and Bairds beaked whale).  Are active predators and have teeth that they use to catch their prey and swallow it whole. The prey varies depending on species but can include fish, seals, sea lions or even other whales.Have a much stronger social structure than baleen whales, often gathering in pods with a stable social structure.Have one blowhole on top of their head.Unlike baleen whales, males of toothed whales species are usually larger than females. Examples of toothed whales include the beluga whale, bottlenose dolphin, and common dolphin.

Persuasion techniques used in Jesus Camp film Essay

Persuasion techniques used in Jesus Camp film - Essay Example The persuasive techniques used in the film George W. Bush seems to be the icon for the children in this movie. A life size cardboard cutout is displayed in front of them, a waving American flag graphic projected behind it reads, â€Å"Here’s President Bush, come to visit us†¦!†Ã¢â‚¬  The children come forward and pay respect to him, touch the cutout and one could see the charged emotions on their innocent countenances. After providing such a backdrop, the children are asked to pray and profound vocabulary of Christianity pours out, like flesh and blood, principalities and powers, rulers of the darkness in this world, spiritual wickedness etc. Do the children really understand what they are being taught? Not one of them perhaps, but their minds is being polluted and they develop deep grudge against something which they do not know precisely. They begin to hate that which ‘not Christian’ according to the new values taught to them in Jesus Camp. In a sce ne, children dance to the accompaniment of Christian Heavy Metal music, in strangely painted faces brandishing sticks and thrusting them to an imaginary enemy and shouting â€Å"War! Warfare!† The girl participants in the dance wear black. The Jesus Camp is against abortion. Good, but it is taught, as if through a system drawn through the prison manual. The mouths of the children are shut with a red duct tape with the inscription LIFE. Those running this movement of Christianity are not apologetic about their intensions and speak with deep convictions. They are on the mission to form a generation of "Conservative Christian Republicans." Another ‘highlight’ of the camp is all children, irrespective of their age, are taught the same Christian principles. A toddler and a teen are given the message, whether it suits their mind set or not, without applying any thought about the dangerous consequences as to what imprint it may leave on the tender minds. The words Satan and Sprit are often used and the children are made to believe that a horrifying evil monster continues to stand at their back to watch their actions. Any deviations in following the issues that are taught in the class, any lethargy, would destroy them! What could be the finished product, of the children who entered the camp as innocents, their mind fresh as the flower in bloom? Trauma is their bonus! How can their mind process such hard messages? The trans-inducing methods must have done irreparable damage to their life, which is difficult to erase. Most of the children look physically tired and emotionally exhausted, their eyes drained due to excessive tears they shed, and at the subconscious level, poisonous seeds are planted through the vicious lessons of Jesus Camp that will grow into saplings and will ultimately yield poisonous fruits. The mind-set of one such ‘finished product’ of this move, Levi, by name indicates the line of thinking of the future generation th e movie will sure to produce. At one stage of the movie, he clearly expresses his hatred for the non-Christians in equivocal terms. He is led to believe that everything about non-Christians is bad. This camp has shut the doors for the real Jesus. His teachings are abandoned in this class and some political figures are chiseled out of the personalities of the youngsters. They are taught about the dangers to Christianity and America, which in reality are not there! This indeed is the manufacturing unit of human bombs that will leave far-reaching consequences to destroy the society. 2. My opinion of the appropriateness of the techniques Religion is good; â€Å"religionism† is bad. Fundamentalism in the practice of any religion is the worst thing that can happen to humankind. It is a double tragedy—for the individual personality and for the culture of the Nation as a whole. As for Christianity, when the religious leaders give more importance to the cross on the neck than C hrist in the heart, the fertile field of true religion begins to rot. Jesus Camp (Heidi

African Americans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African Americans - Assignment Example The fact that I chose the incorrect answer to half of the questions on the quiz shows that my knowledge of Native American history, culture and contemporary living conditions could be much better. This might reflect something of an ignorance about these issues in society generally. The figures for suicide attempts among young people were shocking. However, perhaps more surprising still was the fact that within a century of Columbus’ landing in the Americas, over 95% of the Native American population had been wiped out, both through violence and infectious diseases. The inhumane treatment of the existing American population by the first European settlers was quite obviously a terrible and dark period at the beginning of modern American history. That Columbus ordered all those on Haiti who failed to provide sufficient quantities of gold to be killed, and the enslavement of many Native Americans, demonstrates a perception on the part of those early settlers that the Native Americans were inferior beings – a perception which we, living in the 21st century, quite rightly find disturbing and incomprehensible. Perhaps the main thing I learnt is that, while terrible injustices were committed against the Native American populations in past centuries, in many ways the deplorable living conditions in which many of their successors live today means that the period of oppression has not yet been brought to an end. It is sobering to consider that this painful era in our nation’s history continues in some sense. Completing this quiz, and reading the historical and social information it provided, makes me consider myself fortunate to live in an America where all Americans really are citizens. While serious injustices remain, we can at least be confident that the modern US provides a better environment in which they can be resolved. As a business person, I am struck by the inequality of opportunity in our country, with Native American young people

Political violence in latin america in the 20th century Essay

Political violence in latin america in the 20th century - Essay Example Dictatorship was the core problem which was carried out by top most government officials and militants who violated the human rights. They were influential and their followers implemented their selfish acts. They carried out terrorist attack, coup detours; they were the big drugs lords. These leaders only benefited themselves and oppressed their citizens. Many middle class people lost there jobs and property and affected economical this led to abject poverty and social exclusion. There was great suffering by this population because they lost there families, property and others become homeless. It came a time these people could get basic needs like shelter, security, food and health care. This was due to the oppression exercise by the dictatorship. The struggle of democracy was costly but it was worth it since this oppression and human right violation were too much. Activist and law students were at the forefront of fighting for their rights. Many were killed, tortured and others sent to exile. It is important to preserve the collective memory because when it is preserved people will not forget their history and the likely of it recurring will be less since the incident and what happened is learned from generation to generation. It helps them in remanding them what can happen when democracy is not practiced. It being a history it became a studying subject. Forgetting what happened have to be mandatory though this free willingness situation, for a nation to progress people have to forgive each other of the past violence. if people still hold on to what happened to them or their ancestors peace will never be found since the urge of revenging of want happened to their families will poses them, hence its important the victims to

Explain and evaluate three different theories of leadership. What does Research Paper

Explain and evaluate three different theories of leadership. What does the emergence of on leaders as 'corporate psychopaths' contribute to the discussion - Research Paper Example Other theories take pride in being inclusive by incorporating essential factors like contingency. Others theories have a narrow focus on leadership by concentrating on the causes and effects of the leader attribution processes on subordinates and followers. Others theories examine on the wider array of leadership functions, expounding on production and worker satisfaction and the need for external alignment and organisational change (Waite, 2008). This study focuses on three theories of leadership namely great man theories, skills theories approach and relational theories. Great man theories of leadership trait theories are the oldest of all concepts that seeks to explain leadership. The earliest leadership studies assumed the notion that leaders were born and not made. Great man theories thought of leaders always as males with natural competencies of authority and influence. The trait theory reflects the first systematic efforts to study leadership to establish leadership traits, which made certain people great leaders. Military, political and social leaders’ traits like Indira Gandhi, napoleon Bonaparte, Abraham Lincoln and Catherine the great were used to formulate the theory. The great men theory was challenged in the mid 20th century on the basis of universality of leadership qualities. One challenge on the theory held that there is no constant set of qualities that distinguished leaders from non-leaders. In addition, a person who had leadership attributes in one situation may not make a good leader in another. Further criticism held that individual attributes were largely associated with people’s perception of leadership (Outcalt, Faris, & McMahon, 2001). The trait leadership has gained fresh interest through the present prominence given on charismatic and visionary leadership. Charismatic leadership attracted fresh interest following the election of president Barrack Obama in 2008. Charismatic

Modern scientific issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern scientific issue - Essay Example What fascinates me most is where to draw the line between good technology that helps people and bad technology that harms people. One example of situations where cloning can help is when scientists take cells from an organ in the lab and grow tissue to help someone recover from damage to one of their organs. If tissue from their own body can be cloned, and then replaced in the body, then there is less likelihood of rejection. Genes can be cloned too, so that patients who are lacking particular genes or segments of genetic code could in some cases be helped with cloned genes. I do not see any moral problem with this kind of medical cloning. An example of where cloning could be a bad technology is where human embryo cells are used for experiments and then just simply destroyed. This does not show much respect for human life, and many people believe very strongly that experimentation on human embryos, even when they are only a few cells in size, is fundamentally wrong. Some scientists are happy to work with embryos created purely with the intention of providing cells to help another person, but other scientists think this is taking science a step too far, and acting like God, and they refuse to get involved in this type of work. There is also the fact that when scientists work on clones, there is a huge failure rate and many of the eggs are destined to die just as a normal part of the process, and this helps nobody. There is also a larger than usual amount of problems in later life with cloned organisms, and no one really knows how safe or unsafe it would be to have artificially cloned human beings. Identical twins are natural clones, which means they have exactly the same genes and chromosomes, and they appear to be quite normal but so far there has never been an artificially cloned human being, as far as anyone can tell. I believe that one day someone somewhere will do this, partly to prove it can be done, and partly to see what the resulting

Teeens in concentration camps Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teeens in concentration camps - Research Paper Example Cynthia Ozicks "The Shawl portrays the cruelties of Nazi concentration camp. Stories and narratives about the concentration camps demonstrate the unending brutality and wretchedness that the Jewish young children and teenagers faced during the reign of Hitler. In the concentration camps teenagers were recruited for the Nazis and forced to undergo heavy military practices. These teen soldiers had been educated for struggle, and most of the soldiers had hardly even heard of these concentration camps. In Nazi concentration camps the teen soldiers have met thousands of hungry and struggling populace including young children who had witnessed and observed assassinations, persecution, hunger and ravage they also had been dehumanized. Eleanor H. Ayer supports â€Å"They were murdered because they had Jewish blood, and nothing they could do could change that.† (Ayer 7-8). Teens who have been recruited in to the Nazi force also suffered from severe training programs and strict disciplinary activities. Many of them have escaped from these concentration camps because of dehumanization and other conditions which were beyond their power of endurance. During the time of Nazi movement in Germany, lots of the teens became rescuers when their parents choose to conceal Jews. The teenagers survived in the ghettos of Lodz and they also lived in Warsaw. In all there places they have had to sustain physical scarcity, mistreatment, and transportation to the death camp. The Jews who lived in these concentration camps were subjected to severe physical torturing and often killed. On the other hand, for nearly all prisoners, actual celebration was not possible. The book Liberation: Teens in the Concentration Camps and the Teen Soldiers Who by Tina Tito points out that â€Å"They built death camps occupied with the most sophisticated technology available in order to kill the Jews. With the assistance of collaborators (non-Germans who

Modern scientific issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern scientific issue - Essay Example What fascinates me most is where to draw the line between good technology that helps people and bad technology that harms people. One example of situations where cloning can help is when scientists take cells from an organ in the lab and grow tissue to help someone recover from damage to one of their organs. If tissue from their own body can be cloned, and then replaced in the body, then there is less likelihood of rejection. Genes can be cloned too, so that patients who are lacking particular genes or segments of genetic code could in some cases be helped with cloned genes. I do not see any moral problem with this kind of medical cloning. An example of where cloning could be a bad technology is where human embryo cells are used for experiments and then just simply destroyed. This does not show much respect for human life, and many people believe very strongly that experimentation on human embryos, even when they are only a few cells in size, is fundamentally wrong. Some scientists are happy to work with embryos created purely with the intention of providing cells to help another person, but other scientists think this is taking science a step too far, and acting like God, and they refuse to get involved in this type of work. There is also the fact that when scientists work on clones, there is a huge failure rate and many of the eggs are destined to die just as a normal part of the process, and this helps nobody. There is also a larger than usual amount of problems in later life with cloned organisms, and no one really knows how safe or unsafe it would be to have artificially cloned human beings. Identical twins are natural clones, which means they have exactly the same genes and chromosomes, and they appear to be quite normal but so far there has never been an artificially cloned human being, as far as anyone can tell. I believe that one day someone somewhere will do this, partly to prove it can be done, and partly to see what the resulting

WGS 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WGS 2 - Assignment Example It is quite pivotal to understand that American political movements were key catalyst to channel social reform as well1. In the modern day, women are independent and have the liberty to work in corporate American. Additionally, the website discusses the intricacies of social issues that plague women. Equal pay is one of the major focal points that was heavily discussed. One of the key things that worries me is domestic violence is another issue that is depicted as a challenge for women who are seeking to have a better life. The website discusses many challenges that women face of domestic violence in their respective home, which does draw a paradigm. The idea of gender disparity in school, government and overall progression of women is clearly hindered in these cultures. . Cultures adhere to gender roles because they assign responsibilities to each gender based on family needs. For example, women in eastern cultures have to follow the cult of domesticity. I think this is a major issue as assimilation of women migration is an interesting point to

Dance Critique Essay Example for Free

Dance Critique Essay In Fall 2012 there was a production called Jubilation taken place in El Camino College in the Campus Theatre. The Dance consist of many different styles of dancing from African dance by Nichole â€Å"Nittche† Thompson Spirit Within, to Tango as demonstrated in La Revancha Del Tango, choreographed by Imara Quinonez. One of the most common and best performed dances that was presented in the production were The Gift and Broadway Bound, choreographed by Bernice Boseman. Broadway Bound consisted of twelve dancers, and performed as a single group of girls, a single group of guys, and girls and guys dancing together. However, in the performance of The gift there was just one guy that performed his solo. As the famous song of â€Å"The Little Drummer Boy† started, the lights appear on stage focusing on a boy who was sitting on a rock with his drum. He was wearing a white loose shirt with shorts and a red belt around him. The stage also had a white bright light in the back area of the stage. As the song started seven different characters came in one by one with different color of long dresses and had their heads wrap around with long cloths. As each dancer came in walking slowly step by step towards the bright back stage light, they raised the gift up high and continue walking slowly but this time out the stage. After everyone had exit the stage the drummer boy got up from the rock and went to the bright light and raise his drum up high. Then he begin to dance around to the beat of the drums around stage. At the beginning of the song the first seven dancers who entered walking had a repeatedly step walking in a line. As they approach the stage they moved across the stage using all the space from it. As they exit the drummer boy started dancing. He was doing a solo dance moving across the stage but mainly staying tin the middle area. The boy was doing different type of jazz movements while holding the gift in his hand for the whole remaining time. The work demonstrated by the boy was flowing smooth throughout the music and his dance. Bernice Boseman was trying to point out the cultural part of this dance which she added a visual scenario for us to understand the dance in a different way. By Bernice Boseman adding the gift carriers at the beginning of the performance her intent is to make us see that the gift carriers were rich people with a more expensive gift trying to give them to god. This was represented by the big bright light in back of the stage as god looking down on them. On the contrary, the drummer boy was not as â€Å"good looking† as the rich gift carriers and all he had to offer god was just a drummer with his music. The drummer boy dance to the song expressing his feelings out for giving the gift to god. He would move up and down stretching his harms up and the bringing them down like if he was having a thought for giving the gift to him. He felt like if his gift wasn’t as valuable as like the others. At the end of the performance he kneeled down and raised his drum to god as a gift. For the most part, The Gift was a great performance that made the audience knew the authors intent . The meaning of the song with the dance was very clear and the drummer boy was very focused in showing us the way he felt. In overall, the organization was very successfully and were all committed to the dance.

The Difficult Life of the 19th Century Scandinavian Essay -- History,

In the present day, Scandinavian countries are generally viewed as prosperous, progressive, and egalitarian societies. The citizens of these nations are largely urbanized and receive significant social assistance from the welfare state. However, life in 19th century Scandinavia was markedly different. Scandinavian social life in the 1800s was defined by its provincial character, as the majority of inhabitants resided in rural agricultural communities. Society as a whole was heavily stratified: women had very limited social and economic opportunities and poverty was widespread among Scandinavia’s common citizens. Thus, life in 19th century Scandinavia was generally difficult, and this fact is revealed in the books and films that chronicle social life during this time period. Though Scandinavian nations are currently considered to be some of the most equitable countries in the world, 19th century Scandinavian societies were characterized by rigid social hierarchies. As Nordstrom depicts in his history of Scandinavia, those who lived during this time period rarely advanced beyond the social and economic positions that they were born into (Nordstrom, 2000: 166). Vilhelm Moberg’s novel The Emigrants further illustrates this point through its portrayal of a rural Swedish parish in the mid 1800s. Moberg describes how generation after generation within a single family labored as farmers on the same land. He suggests that this pattern persisted for centuries, only to be disrupted by the mass migrations that took place in the middle of the 19th century (Moberg, 1949: xxvii). The information presented in Nordstrom’s book echoes the localized and provincial nature of Scandinavian villages described by Moberg. Before the technolog... ...en and the common laborer. Wealth and privilege were mainly dictated by birth and enjoyed by a select few. The agrarian masses, on the other hand, generally endured poverty and extreme hardship. Women’s lives were also tremendously difficult, as they had essentially zero social or economic independence from men and minimal opportunities for education. The generally poor quality of life faced by most 19th century Scandinavians inspired many of these citizens to seek a better existence by immigrating to America. Ironically, the countries that were left behind by these suffering immigrants are generally considered to have achieved a far higher quality of life than is experienced by the average American. Considering the hard lives endured by most Scandinavians in the 1800s, the progress that has been made in this region over the past century is truly remarkable.

U.S. Policy Against Canada :: essays research papers

The environmental relationship between the United States and Canada has been very consistent and free from any kind of controversy or warfare. Canada has always been an ally to the United States and has had a good relationship in all matters including the environment. It would be very costly for the United States to cut ties with Canada because they are very close to the U.S. and provide many environmental and trade opportunities for them also. The only environmental problems between the U.S. and Canada is due to the transboundary smog that has been drifting over into the U.S. from Canadian companies located close to the U.S.-Canada border.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada and the United States have provided each other with many environmental and trade opportunities. One example of this was seen in 1991 when these two countries signed an agreement on Air Quality in order to protect both countries from the increasing amounts of acidic rain that had begun to fall on the two countries. This agreement was not meant to hinder either country, but instead to better each countries environment. Another way, a rather extensive way that the United States and Canada have joined forces to help Canada’s environment is through aid sent to Canada from the US. The United States has laid the foundation for environmental protection programs in Canada so that the Canadians would be knowledgeable about their environment. This knowledge would include ways to protect the environment and to preserve it. The United States has also provided millions of dollars for Canada to use in order to create programs to preserve their environment. I feel that the policy the United States should use towards Canada in terms of environmentalism in the future should be very similar to the current policy.

The Changing Role of Women in the 1920’s

This source is a picture of four women dressed in flapper dresses (shorter dresses that showed off more of their body). In this source I have recognised that these women may be dancing the Charleston. This could have also been danced to jazz music. This source tells us that women weren’t accompanied by men anymore (without chaperones); this gave the impression that they were single and could whatever they want. It also tells us that the fashion in the 1920’s changed, women had their hair cut much shorter, into bobs; they stopped wearing corsets and tight under garments and the hemlines on skirts and dresses rose.This gave them more choice and freedom to show off. Without chaperones women could spend their time out dancing rather than being stuck at home. The photograph taken by the US fashion magazine is not reliable in the changing role of women because fashion magazines look at fashion, not the change of roles for women in the 1920’s. If this source was in a ne wspaper it would have been more reliable because it would give you information on the changing role of women.A fashion magazine is the lifestyle that women aspire to rather that what they actually have. However, this source is also reliable because it gives us the idea of what the fashion style was like at the time. This applies to at least a few women otherwise there wouldn’t be a picture of the latest fashion. As the picture in the photograph is not a painting it should be accurate. This is useful because it shows us what women wanted to aspire to. It also shows us the progress and changing attitudes younger women in the 1920’s.From my own knowledge I would have thought these women tended to be young, rich, urban women that may have drank or smoked in public to draw attention to them. This may have been because they were unaccompanied by men. On the other hand, this only shows one role of women. Most women, particularly the ones that lived in the countryside followed the traditional roles of women. This source is very hard to see how much the role of women has changed because there is no comparison from before the 1920’s to the 1920’s.

Would the World be a Better Place if Large-Scale Emigration to Other Planets were to be Possible?

Our world is in a predicament. The delicate balance that supports life that evolution (or God) has created is being tilted by deforestation, overfishing, increasing population, global warming and such, threatening the fundamentals for life. Planet Earth appears to be spiraling downwards towards an inescapable end. About half of the mature tropical forests, between 750 to 800 million hectares of the original 1. 5 to 1. 6 billion hectares that once covered the planet have been felled, and animals are becoming extinct more quickly than ever (experts have estimated that up to half of presently existing species may become extinct by 2100). Our main energy sources, oil and natural gas supplies, are rapidly running dry. The future of the earth, hilas, looks dark. Taking all of this into consideration, it appears that mass emigration to another planet might be the only solution. However, is it really too late to turn the clock? Or maybe more importantly, is it morally right to abandon ship when the storm is gathering? The damage we have caused to our world is both unbelievable and undeniable. Only 17% of planet Earth's landmass is still untouched by mankind (excluding Antarctica). Our world's natural oil and gas resources are soon fully consumed; renewable sources only stand for about 13% of the energy created. All the emissions from burning fossil fuels are carelessly released into the atmosphere, and as a result, the ozone layer is in an incredibly tattered shape. However, if we could move to another planet, thus leaving this one, the Earth would recuperate. The largest hole in the ozone, the one above the Antarctic, would, according to NASA scientists, recover by 2068. Similarly, if there were no humans to fish the oceans dry, and no humans to chop the forests down, slowly but steadily, the world's ecosystems would recover and the biodiversity would regain lost grounds. The human race has created this situation, and we owe it to the Earth and the other species that we reverse it. There are a number of valid arguments for saving our world by emigrating to another, and although leaving for another planet may save this one, abandoning Earth may not yet be necessary. All hope is not lost – it is still within our power to undo the damages ourselves. It will be a task of great difficulty, but one that we can pull off. Since when were problems solved by burying one's head in the sand? Besides, if you do bury your head in the sand, chances are, you won't like what you see when you stick it back up. Taking the emergency exit whenever there are bumps on the road will create a â€Å"laissez faire† mentality, which never has solved anything. If awareness of this crisis can be raised all around the world, and if people realize just how important the matter we are dealing with is, there is a significant chance that we can start acting in a sufficiently environmentally friendly manner for the previous natural balance to be restored, without us leaving Earth for a far-off planet. By abandoning the planet we do not solve the true problem, we simply run away from it. If we were all deported to another planet, but didn't change our behavior, all we would do is repeat the same mistakes we made on Earth. What does shifting planets mean if we still don't own up and take action to reverse the situation we have thrust ourselves into? If we recognize now that problems such as global warming, overfishing and deforestation are not resolved by turning our backs to them, it will also be understood that these will not vanish because we choose to flee from them. We must do something about the tribulations we have now, only then we can move on. Exporting our problems to another planet is not solving them. Furthermore, there is also is a moral aspect to this issue. It would be indecent and ethically incorrect to simply change planets and abandon earth when we are encountering real and serious problems which in addition are caused by ourselves This world is optimal for our form of life. If just the weight of the proton in the air molecule was the slightest bit different all life on earth would be impossible. Similarly, if aliens would visit Earth, they would die of inhaling oxygen. It is an incredible chain of circumstances that allow us to live by breathing oxygen. The human race has become adapted to live on planet Earth over millions and millions of years of evolution. Just like a hole is perfect for the water puddle it contains, Earth is perfect for man. This taken into consideration, we can't just destroy this Earth, and then leave it without the slightest effort to do something about it. We were made for this planet, and now that it is being destroyed, the very least we can do is to try to reverse what we've done. In any case, fleeing should be the very last option. All of us who inhabit Earth have inherited it from earlier generations. We are merely the present caretakers of this Earth, just like thousands of generations before us have been. Therefore, we have a moral responsibility, both towards our children as well as to our ancestors, to protect and preserve something extraordinary that no one ever can own, only borrow. On the one hand, it is a fact that we are well on the way of destroying Earth, and if all human beings were to leave the Earth, there is a chance that the Earth might recover. However, this is only true if all humans are transported to another planet. The question was â€Å"would the world be a better place if large-scale emigration to other planets were to be possible? † Upon a closer look, mass emigration does not necessarily mean that all humans are transported, rather just some. This is certainly of importance, as it is not necessarily the number of people on Earth that decides if the world is going to recuperate or not. What is more important is how the people who actually do live here treat the environment, i e how much carbon emissions are released into the atmosphere, how much fish we fish from our seas and how many trees we cut from our forests. If 50% of the world's population was evacuated to another planet, but the remaining 50% treated the environment worse than before, the problems would not be solved. Rather than focusing on efficient ways to deport masses of people to other planets, we should focus on efficient ways to save this planet, with us on it. On the other hand, it is probably true that the abandoning of the planet will have to occur sooner or later. 99. 9% of all species ever to reside on planet Earth are now extinct. Mankind will certainly not be an exception. Even if we don't drive ourselves into extinction, or a comet crashing into Earth doesn't do it for us, in about one billion years the sun will start dying. It will slowly begin to swell up, and produce more heat, making life on this entire solar system impossible. If the ultimate aim of mankind is survival, emigration to another planet might then be the only option. However, this is not the case today. We still have an option; so let us take advantage of it.

The thunder and lightening crashed over my head and made me very afraid

They said it would never rain again. I was surrounded by people but I had never felt so lonely. As I sat gazing from my window, I began to notice lots of happy families passing by on the road, all in their parents' cars. As I sit alone, thinking about my past, I began to feel so miserable and depressed. I suppose you are wondering who I am and what tragedy could have brought me to this place. Well, I will explain to you the long story. The thunder and lightening crashed over my head and made me very afraid. I was not the only one. My teacher kept looking upwards with a concerned expression. That's was when the head teacher burst into the room and ordered everyone to follow her. This was not normal. It could only mean that everybody was in serious danger. I instantly thought of my parents at home on their farm, had anyone warned them that a typhoon was coming soon? The noise outside was deafening. From our position on the roof, we could see everything. I watched in horror as a mud wall collapsed onto the road, trapping families in their cars. I saw frantic parents digging at the mud, trying to save their children who were still trapped. I wanted to go and save my parents too but I could not move. Two hours later, the road was a river. Trees and mud crashed through the village, destroying houses and families. Gradually, the storm came to an end. We were eventually allowed off the roof and I felt so glad, now I could go back and find out what had happened to my parents. I was so scared that they had been in danger, I just needed to know if they were safe. When I arrived home, I saw my house. It was completely destroyed. I ran towards it, screaming, calling for my mum and dad. Suddenly, I saw a flash of gold. It could only be one thing, my mother's ring. It was still attached to her still, lifeless, bloodless hand. I was numb. Standing there, I felt unusually calm but that feeling didn't last very long. Seconds passed and I began thinking about what would happen to me now. Where will I go? I have no other family, no one to take me in. I felt so isolated. That's how I ended in a foster home. All I can do is to sit and hope that someday, someone will come to get me. Perhaps today will be that day. I awoke feeling light in my heart and really hopeful that today would be that day. I heard that the newspaper reporter was going to come and write an article about the foster home where I was living. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. I opened it and there stood the reporter. She was a young beautiful lady with shiny, black long hair and a graceful smile. I was very surprised – I had never seen such a beautiful lady. She began to interview me because I had been at the foster home for the longest out of all the other children. She was very impressed with my unique poems; she even made a promise that she would make sure they were published very soon. She took my photograph so she could attach it to the poem. A grumpy old man was working in the hospital grounds. He reaches down to a scrap of newspaper which has blown across the garden and landed at his feet. He almost throws the article away when he suddenly decides to take a second look. He began to look more closely at the photograph and that's when he has a flicker of an image from his past. Suddenly his memory returns. It is difficult to cope with the emotions he feels after all these months. Dropping his tools, he strides down the road getting further away from the hospital. What has he remembered? Something is driving him he appears to be looking for something. The sky is grey and over-cast. I think about my future. Will I always be alone and abandoned. What's the point in living all alone with no family to love me? Everyday I wished that I had died with my mum and dad and this is why I made the decision to take an overdose. There was no point in living any more. No-one would even no that I had gone. I felt myself drifting into unconsciousness when unexpectedly there was a shadow in the doorway. At first I had great difficulty focusing my eyes on the figure in front of me. Slowly as my eyes began to see the details I was able to distinguish a man's frame. Meanwhile, I realised that it was my father. As my sight begins to dim, I see him run across the room towards me. He had tears in his eyes and trickling down his cheeks. He laid his head against mine and told me he loved me so much but as I took my last breath I felt so much regret. I could have had a happy life again with my family to love me and to be loved but now that will never happen.

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example This paper illustrates a comprehensive definition of Human Resource Planning provided on investopedia.com explains that it as â€Å"The ongoing process of systematic planning to achieve optimum use of an organization's most valuable asset - its human resources†. Human Resource Planning is a very important function of an organization, as it helps in developing a relationship between the employees of an organization and their tasks such that each employee contributes optimally to the organization without being either over-burdened or under challenged. Based on the needs of the employees and the organization, a Human Resource Manager may be required to develop one or more of a number of different types on Human resources plans. Common ones include Succession plans that help evaluate the manner in which individuals will be employed to positions that open up at higher levels in the hierarchy and the requirements for promotions. Another important and common plan is developing indivi dual employee’s Career plans, particularly at the managerial level. These plans help in identifying the skills and abilities of individuals; and involve providing them with the assistance that they require to find a better fit with the organization’s culture and climate so that they can play more valuable and demanding roles within the organization. Contingency plans are made when future requirements seem unclear; but indicative of changes; so that the human resources of an organization may need an overhaul either through development, recruitment or downsizing. (Tapomoy, 2009). Competency plans on the other hand, are similar to career plans; but with a focus on skill development as compared to hierarchical growth. Purpose of HRP Human Resource Planning serves a number of purposes. It helps in anticipating the changes in the staffing needs of an organization. Thus, it becomes possible for the organization to anticipate and respond to surplus staff or shortage of staff i n a way that ensures that at no point in time are the staff over burdened by the tasks that need to complete and thus at risk for reduced quality of functioning. At the same time, it ensures that each staff member is adequately challenged so that there is no underutilization of the existing resources (Rees & Porter, 2008). This ensures optimal expenditure on personnel; and helps in the development of a business plan with less wastage. Human Resource Planning is also concerned with the development of individual employees so that they continue to grow and contribute to the organization in multiple ways (Reilly, 1996). Thus, it involves the training and development of employees so that the employees gain more and improved skill sets and the organization grows as these skills are used by the employees (Reilly, 1996). Another important activity that does into Human Resource Planning is the investigation of the effect of policy changes on the functioning and productivity of staff as well as on staff morale (Bohlander &Snell 2009). When a manager attempts to develop a human resources plan, it is important to consider three components of this plan with equal vigor. Forecasting labor demand: It is important that the Human Resource Manager is able to predict with some accuracy the staffing requirements that will be required at new and existing locations at different points in the future (Mathis & Jackson, 2008) so that recruitment and downsizing plans can be developed to respond to these needs well in advance(Rees & Porter, 2008). This is particularly important for downsizing, as providing downsized staff with adequate time and options to cope with the changes is important from a humanistic perspective (Reilly, 1996). Analyzing present labor supply: Not only is it important to evaluate future needs, but also to evaluate the value of present staff (Mathis & Jackson, 2008). A Human Resource Manager needs to ensure that all staff is functioning optimally; and that these in dividuals are helped to

Public Officials and Public Opinion Polls Assignment

Public Officials and Public Opinion Polls - Assignment Example Policies are formed in a state for benefiting the citizens in various ways. For this reason, consents of people are important for selecting and developing appropriate policies for a state. In most of the country, the government is selected by the people. The citizen expects that the government will work for developing the country and facilitating the lives of people. The government needs to consider the opinion of the citizen while taking any major decision. By this process, the government will be able to understand the expectation of the people for the state and the things which create strong impacts on them (Burstein, 2003). Generally, policies are formed for improving the condition of the country. People of the state face different types of situations and circumstances for living their life in the state. They are the most appropriate people who can recommend the best policy for the country. With the help of public polls the government is able to understand the wants of the people and according to that, they can form effective policies for the state. Polls are the most powerful and effective tool in getting information and feedback from the people. Public opinion polls indicate the number of people interested in taking part in politics and decision process of the state. The opinions of maximum and a minimum number of people can be analyzed with the help of public opinion polls. When a government takes policy decision according to the majority opinions the citizens then the people tend to support the government. Public opinion polls are used by the public officials for giving importance to the people. With the help of public opinion polls, a government can show it’s concerned towards people opinion.

Bank failure in jamaica Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bank failure in jamaica - Essay Example According to Jenifer Daley, the banking industry in Jamaica relied on foreign-owned banks. Foreign heads managed these banks, and the banks depended on the requirements of foreign legislation. The banking industry in Jamaica was crowded with diverse financial institutions including building societies, credit unions, money markets, export-import banks and stock exchanges. Commercial banks dominated the financial sector, in Jamaica. This diversity led to the fragility within the banking environment and structure (Daley 4). The changes in the banking sector in 1990s showed these fragilities in the arrangement of the banking industry. This placed immense pressure on the institutional structure and financial resources. The banking environment in Jamaica resulted from immense deregulation of activities, in the financial sector. This increased competitive challenges for the financial firms and banks. This mandated a strong Central Bank with roles such as the formation of monetary policies and directing an orderly development and growth of the system. Additionally, the experienced growth in the industry provided a springboard for the establishment and proliferation of financial firms and groups with different structures. These structures contributed to the breakdown of operational safeguards because of their fashion of operations (Daley 3). The structures also pressurized the cadre of managers. The instability experienced in 1980-1990s led to the unfavorable macroeconomic climates because of no-growth on the real sector and high inflation. This led to the beginning of government guidelines in the industry. Later politics took a central role in the management of the financial sector. The Finance Minister controlled the Central National Bank and closed it because of insolvency. The bank was illiquid and insolvent than the financial statement of 1997 had indicated. The bank tried to hide this state by ignoring the provision of

Community Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Community Safety - Assignment Example These authorities are responsible for different areas and premises. They include the fire and safety authority operating in areas of residence, the Health and Safety Executive who is responsible for areas of the Navy and other such areas, local authorities and finally any fire inspectors or fire services maintained by the Secretary of Defense. All of these are the enforcing authorities for the fire safety of the community ("The regulatory reform," 2005). One authority alone however, cannot deal with an issue as huge as community safety. When dealing with projects as large as the one of reducing incidence of fires amongst a whole community of immigrant workers, a partnership between different agencies and authorities is important. This is because different authorities and agencies have access to different parts of the community, and have control over different aspects of the lives of the people. The police department is one, which may assist this authority from time to time. The polic e could do this by reinforcing the law pertaining to smoke detectors. In the US, it is illegal to deactivate a fire alarm in one’s home. Deactivation of this alarm can lead to heavy fines, since it poses a serious threat for the dwellers of the household. This implies that there is an important role the police can play in the reducing the risk of fire-related incidents. To do this, they could follow cases of reported fires where smoke detectors were not present to indicate the fire on time. To the people involved in such a fire, the police could issue warnings of heavy fines or punishment for not having had properly functioning smoke detectors. This would ensure that these citizens would heed the advice to keep properly functioning smoke detectors, thus reducing the incidence of fires, which the fire brigades could not stop on time due to absence of smoke detectors. One can sought out other parties that can be helpful in reducing the incidents through evaluation of the situat ion for its causes. This is possible through a problem-oriented approach. The situation involves immigrant workers who live in rented accommodation, and do not have smoke detectors or the proper education when it comes to safety from fire. So when helping these people to prevent fires, one can pin down several root causes for when these people experience fires in their living quarters. Firstly, they live in rented space, for which they are not responsible. Thus, they do not deem themselves liable to arrange for smoke detectors. Then, they may not be aware of the importance or necessity of smoke detectors in ones living quarters. In addition, they may not be aware of the basic procedures for prevention from fire hazards, since they may not have learned about them from the country they have migrated. Thus to remedy all these problems, the relevant authorities must be included in the solution. As far as the rent-tenant problem is concerned, the authority concerned with tenant-landlord laws must make the tenants aware the property owner is legally bound to provide them with a safe, health hazard-free living environment. The fire department should ensure that smoke detectors are available to any citizen who wishes to get them. Emergency healthcare services and immigration authorities should collaborate to ensure a final, very important factor. This is that each person who receives the permission to immigrate to the country is given a

Ghana Cocoa Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ghana Cocoa Industry - Essay Example However, it is of great significance to note that output varies on an annual basis. Factors such as price fluctuations, politics, and management play a crucial role in influencing output. Discussed in this paper is the role of politics in influencing cocoa production in Ghana, and interventional strategies set up to boost production of cocoa in the country. In addition, the paper also analyzes the cocoa industry in Ghana from different theoretical perspectives. Political theory centers on the analysis of economics influence on political ideologies. Tenants of the theory uncover the interplay of relationships between law, politics, and economics. In addition, it analyzes the development of various institutions in different economics and social systems for example, capitalist, socialist, and communist systems. Competing interests of specific individuals, groups or institutions affect a countrys economic development. This theory enables individuals visualize and understand the formation of public policies. Small-scale farmers in Ghana lack the resources to export their produce directly. They rely on intermediaries (businesspersons) and the government to broker deals with customers interested in their produce. Herein, lays the root cause of the countrys economic problem. These farmers receive meager compensation compared to the parties charged with the task of brokering the deal. As a result, poverty in Ghana is at an all-time high despite its flourishing cocoa industry. As mentioned, Ghana ranks second after Ivory Coast in the cocoa export industry (Ecobank, 2013). The country lost the title amidst waves of political upheaval in the country. In a bid to advance their personal interests, influential individuals mismanaged the cocoa industry. Through the Cocoa Marketing Board, farmers received fixed compensation for their produce.

Radiation Exposure Essay Example for Free

Radiation Exposure Essay Radiation Exposure Do you know much radiation you are exposed to everyday? Many people are not aware of the radiation levels around them on a daily basis. I believe that exposure to radiation should be minimal. I think protection and prevention is vital. Being aware of the health risks and what can be done to protect yourself should be a well known piece of knowledge. If followed, this knowledge can help reduce radiation exposure levels. Exposure to radiation is higher today than it has ever been before according to Alice Park. Radiation is around you constantly, every day. Radiation has a greater resence when an individual flies on an airplane, smokes cigarettes, receives x-rays, watches television, and uses the microwave. Although not all radiation exposure can be controlled, radiation from x-rays can be kept at a minimum. Radiologic technologists are very careful about how much radiation that the patient has absorbed and what kind of radiation they are exposed to. Gamma ray radiation is the most powerful and damaging of all the radiation particles. Alpha and Beta particles are much weaker and not as harmful. Take for example the Computed Tomography Scan (C. T. scan). A C. T. scan emits gamma rays in large doses. The amount of adiation that an individual is exposed to can be compared to 400 dental x-rays or five-one hour flights. Gamma ray radiation is not what you would want to be openly exposed to. Gamma rays can cause damage over time. I believe protection and prevention of radiation exposure should be a top priority. A commonly asked question about radiation exposure deals with the health risks. Are there any health risks? Take for example aspirin. There are risks for taking aspirin if you take too much. Likewise, radiation when given out in large doses increases health risks. One type of radiation called ionizing radiation can change the structure f the cells in your body according to the Health Physics Society. By changing the structure of the cells in the body, changes in the tissue can occur. This can lead to your cells not being able to reproduce themselves or the cells can start to produce too much. The main structure found in the cell that can be damaged by radiation exposure is the DNA. This structure is one of the most important because it contains our genetic makeup. DNA has the ability to repair minor damage. If DNA is repeatedly damaged by being exposed to radiation, the cell will die. This may seem to be of no importance if a few cells are killed by radiation. However, if these damaged cells are in the vital organs that keep us alive, that organ might not function properly. Of course the effects of radiation exposure are different for each individual. These effects depend on the type of radiation, how you are exposed to it, and our own genetic makeup. Still, a more important question arises due to radiation exposure. Who are at risk for being exposed to radiation? As a general fact cells and tissues that are developing are more affected when radiation interacts with them. The Health Physics Society explains that children are more sensitive to radiation than adults because theyre still n a growing stage. The developing stage is crucial. If you add radiation to this other words, the cells will not do their Jobs. Protection for children from excessive amounts of radiation exposure really became more important to me. No parent wants any child to suffer the harmful effects of radiation exposure. Adults also can have similar effects on themselves if theyre not careful. Protection from radiation from a machine is the best thing to do for children so they wont be harmed. With all the unavoidable radiation and particles around us, what can be done to protect ourselves from exposure? According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are three basic radiation protection concepts. First, how much time are we being exposed to radiation? Radiation exposure increases as more time is spent near the source of radiation. So, the less time you are exposed the better off you will be. Second, how much distance from the radiation source should there be? The farther away an individual is from the source of radiation, the less they are exposed to it. Distance depends on the size and activity of the radiation being administered. For example, gamma rays travel long distances, while alpha and beta particles dont ravel very far. So, the greater the distance, the less radiation you will be exposed to. Finally, shielding is the last protection concept. Shielding is having something that will absorb radiation between you and the particles or rays of radiation. The amount of shielding depends on the kind of radiation that you are exposed to. For example, an individual who receives gamma ray radiation requires thick, dense shielding such as lead. The higher the gamma ray that one is being exposed to, the thicker the lead protective wear must be. Alpha particles are very weak, but still require some protection. In this case only a thin piece of material, like paper or light clothing is necessary. Beta particles are a little stronger than alpha particles. Beta particles require thicker protection, like heavy clothing. The heavy clothing protects the skin from possibly being burned. Knowing what kind of radiation an individual will be exposed to ahead of time can help to protect oneself against radiation exposure. Most people with common sense would argue several factors against radiation exposure. One of the counter arguments would be what are the levels of radiation people are exposed to on a daily basis. Most people would say that the average amount of radiation exposure is minimal and would not require protection. Over time this builds up and that we could prevent a lot of the exposure we take in. Other people may say that because of minimal exposure we do not protection, but knowing the risks of exposure can help lead to prevention. Another point that can be argued is that most people may already know the risks of radiation and are attempting to limit or prevent radiation exposure. Exposure to radiation happens on a daily basis. By taking the proper steps one can insure that exposure to radiation stays at a minimum. I believe that minimal exposure to radiation is the way to go.

Cloning in Plants And Animals

Cloning in Plants And Animals What is cloning? Cloning is a process carried out in a laboratory by which a genetically identical organism can be made through non-sexual means. How it started? In February 1997, when embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at Roslin Institute in Scotland were able to clone a lamb, named Dolly. Who are cloned? Both plants and animals can be cloned. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This simply means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same and exact DNA. What does it involve? For different purposes there exist different extents of cloning such a molecular cloning; the process of making multiple molecules, cellular cloning, which can be further divided into unicellular cloning; in which you derive a population of cells from a single c ell, and Cloning in stem cell research; used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes, and the most complex type of cloning is organism cloning; it refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Is cloning advantageous or disadvantageous? Cloning has both advantages and disadvantages to human beings. Advantages may include the creation of human beings that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases. Disadvantages may include the lack of diversity of organisms and the hindrance of evolution. Why clone, and why not to clone? The ethics of cloning has become a great issue. Scientifically speaking, cloning can be the solution to problems associated with organ transplants that can benefit human health, and can also help in great yield production of healthy crops. But, ethically speaking the bible states that a new individual should be born from a husband (which provides the sperm) and a wife (which provides the egg), therefore by cloning one will blunder the world of God for it involves asexual reproduction of organisms. Cloning has indeed been the subject of scientific experiments for years but it was first known to be successful in 1997 when, after about 277 eggs used, the first cloned mammal Dolly was born. In the United States, the human consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals was approved by the FDA on December 28, 2006, with no special labeling required. CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE Cloning can have slightly different meanings depending of the specific field one is studying. In general Biology cloning refers to the process of production of similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occur in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. In Biotechnology cloning refers to the process used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. Cloning has two main branches. They are Plant Cloning and Animal Cloning. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. For farmers plant cloning is used to duplicate the success of good plants, and rich crops with very high yields. Plant cloning is easier than using seeds to generate new plants because the duplication of desired genes is rapid and the grower knows the type and quality of plant he would be growing since the new plant can be created from just a twig. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced fr om a single cell taken from the parent organism. This new organism is genetically identical; the exact duplicate in every way including DNA, to the parent organism. Animal cloning can be done both for reproductive and non-reproductive or therapeutic purposes. In the second case, cloning is done to produce stem cells or other such cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example, for healing or recreating damaged organs. Cloning can happen both naturally and in the lab. Natural forms of cloning can include asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as bacteria and also in the development of twins from a single fertilized egg. Cloning can be done in the labs; an example would be the process of nuclear transfer of embryonic cells which leads to the production of cloned mammals. Cloning is divided into three major compartments, they are; molecular cloning, cellular cloning, and organism cloning. Molecular Cloning is the process of making multiple molecules. It is used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but can be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequence and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used for biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production. Cellular Cloning has two subgroups; unicellular cloning and cloning in stem cell research. Unicellular cloning occurs in organisms such as bacteria and yeast; these processes are simple and only require inoculation of the appropriate medium for them to derive a population of cells from a single cell. For stem cell research, Somatic-cell nuclear transfer is  used to create embryos for the research and therapeutic purposes. This is called research cloning and its goal is to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. Organism Cloning refers to the procedure of asexually creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Successful animal cloning, in particular cloning from an adult animal, one knows exactly how the clone is going to turn out. This becomes especially useful when the whole intention behind cloning is to save a certain endangered species from becoming totally extinct. ACTUAL PROCESS Animals: Molecular Cloning which is the cloning of any DNA fragment can be divided into the following different steps: Fragmentation breaking apart a strand of DNA Ligation gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence Transfection inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells Screening/Selection selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA. Unicellular Cloning of organisms is performed using a culture technique which involves the use of cloning rings. In this technique: A single-cell suspension of cells that have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at a high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially cloned distinct cell. At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added. Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth. Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer is used to create embryos for research and therapeutic purposes. The SCNT process to create embryos for stem cell research is: First, the collection of cells from the organism that will be cloned, the cells can be used immediately or can be stored in the lab for later use. The maternal DNA from an oocyte is removed at metaphase II. The nucleus can then be inserted into an egg cytoplasm. This creates a one-cell embryo. The grouped somatic cell and egg cytoplasm are then introduced to an electrical current. The sexual energy allows the cloned embryo to begin development. The successfully developed embryos are then placed in surrogate recipients. Organism Cloning the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another is achieved by: The transfer of a nucleus from a donor adult cell (somatic cell) to an egg that has no nucleus. When the egg begins to divide normally it is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother. An example of the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell is Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum. The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through normal pregnancy. She lived for 6 years, from 1996-2003. There were early claims that Dolly the Sheep had pathologies resembling accelerated aging, but other researchers, including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly, argue that Dollys early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process. In amphibians the ultimate test of whether the nucleus of a differentiated cell has undergone any irreversible functional restriction is to have that nucleus generate every other type of differentiated cell in the body. If each cells nucleus is identical to the zygote nucleus, then each cells nucleus should be totipotent (capable of directing the entire development of the organism) when transplanted into an activated enucleated egg. Before such an experiment could be done, three techniques for transplanting nuclei into eggs had to be perfected: a method for enucleating host eggs without destroying them; a method for isolating intact donor nuclei; and a method for transferring such nuclei into the host egg without damaging either the nucleus or the oocyte. Plants: The process of cloning a plant is relatively easy compared to that of animals. Simply: Trim a piece of the root from a plant. Supply it with nutrients and plant it in soil. The resulting growth will be identical to the original plant. BENEFITS TO HUMANITY Economically, cultivating existing plants with good yields ensures that farmers will most likely get an identical yield from that new plant, providing similar situations are sustained. Through the process of cloning, the University of Arkansas states that a number of different varieties of foods, such as grapes and oranges without seeds, have been created that consumer prefer over traditional plants. Cloning can save endangered species. On January 8, 2001, scientists at Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., announced the birth of the first clone of an endangered animal, a baby bull gaur (a large wild ox from India and Southeast Asia) named Noah. Noah died of an infection unrelated to the cloning procedure. But this experiment served as prove to show that they can bring back endangered species. Research Cloning or Therapeutic Cloning can harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. In the case of the Alzheimers disease, the nucleus from a skin cell of the patient is placed into an empty egg. The reprogrammed cell begins to develop into an embryo because the egg reacts with the transferred nucleus. The embryo will become genetically identical to the patient. The embryo will then form a blastocyst which has the potential to become any cell in the body. Other Potential Medical Benefits of cloning include: the possibility that we will learn to renew activity of damaged cells by growing new cells and replacing them, the creation of humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other, cloning allows the study of cell differentiation, and cloning also gives sterile couples the ability to have offspring that will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern. DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING In a large percentage of cases, the cloning process fails in the course of pregnancy or some sort of birth defects occur, for example, as in a recent case, a calf born with two faces. Sometimes the defects manifest themselves later and kill the clone. This long lasting process before the success of cloning can lead to the extinction of little remains of DNA from extinct species if it is used with no successive results. Changes in genomes may not only result in changes in appearance, but in psychological and personality changes as well. In plants; cloning limits diversity which makes the plants more susceptible to diseases and pests. Possible potential harms and disadvantages are: the possibility of compromising individualities, the loss of genetic variation, technology is not well developed; it has low fertility rate; in cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived. ETHICAL ISSUES Although most scientists consider the process of animal cloning as a major breakthrough and see many beneficial possibilities in it, many people are uncomfortable with the idea, they say it is against nature and it is ethically damning, particularly in the instance of cloning human beings. One of the main goals of the government is to protect human life. Some people want the government to regulate cloning and not allow it. Producing clones for research or to use their parts is unethical. It would be against the code of ethics of a doctor to harm a clone (i.e., use it for an organ transplant). The clone would be a human being and deserve all the rights and privileges that a non-cloned human has.   A clone should not be a second-class citizen. It is speculated that clones would be considered as such. The American Medical Association holds four points of reason why cloning should not take place. They are: there are unknown physical harms introduced by cloning, unknown psychosocial harms introduced by cloning, including violations of autonomy and privacy, impacts on familial and societal relations, and potential effects on the human gene pool. Serious ethical concerns arise by the future possibility of only harvesting organs from clones. Some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organism in doing this; a new organ supply could be established without the moral implications of harvesting them from humans. Research is also being done on the idea of growing organs that are biologically acceptable to the human body inside of other organisms, such as pigs or cows, then transplanting them to humans, a form of Xeno-transplantation. From a Latter-day Saint point of view, the Proclamation on the Family clearly does not agree with cloning. The Proclamation states: We . . . declare that God has commanded that the sacred powers of procreation are to be employed only between man and woman, lawfully wedded as husband and wife. We declare the means by which mortal life is created to be divinely appointed. We affirm the sanctity of life and of its importance in Gods plan. In other words, the power to create humans is only to be used in a marriage between husband and wife. Cloning only involves one parent, therefore it is not following Gods plan in which a mans sperm and a womans egg are needed to create life. CONCLUSION Cloning is the process of creating a copy of a biological entity. In genetics, cloning refers to the process of making an identical copy of the DNA of an organism. Cloning is an established process today, which holds the promise of repopulating endangered and even extinct animals. Cloning can revolutionize the world and the way we live. Animal cloning has been one of the greatest frontiers scientists have conquered. However, there are various ethical and scientific issues related to cloning that have been debated. Foods from healthy cloned animals are deemed safe to eat. In recent years, there has been a shoot of new laws banning or regulating cloning around the world. In some countries, animal cloning is allowed, but not human cloning. Some advocacy groups are seeking to ban therapeutic cloning, even if this could potentially save people from many debilitating illnesses.